The motor type of an electric wheelchair is a key factor in determining its power performance, maintenance requirements, and user experience. Currently, the mainstream options include brushed and brushless motors, which differ significantly in their technical principles and application scenarios.

Brushed Motors: Mature Technology, Strong Adaptability

Brushed motors utilize physical contact between brushes and a commutator to conduct current and change direction. They are a proven drive technology. They offer strong starting torque and are particularly well-suited for complex terrain with slopes exceeding 8°. Field tests show that, at equivalent power, the initial response speed of brushed motors during climbing is approximately 0.3 seconds faster than that of brushless motors.

However, brushes are consumable parts and typically require replacement after several thousand to ten thousand hours of operation. In harsh environments such as humid and dusty environments, wear can increase by approximately 30%. Routine maintenance primarily involves brush replacement (costing approximately $5 per operation) and cleaning carbon deposits. These motors offer a low technical barrier and are easily repairable, making them particularly suitable for areas with limited technical support.

Brushed motors are currently primarily used in two scenarios: first, government procurement projects in mountainous regions (such as Southeast Asia and Latin America), due to their excellent slope adaptability and ease of maintenance; and second, cold regions (such as Northern Europe), where they can maintain normal starting in temperatures as low as -40°C.

Brushless Motors: High Efficiency, Low Noise, and Long-Term Stability

Brushless motors use electronic controllers for commutation, eliminating physical contact components and boosting power conversion efficiency to over 85%. With the same battery capacity, they can achieve a 15%-20% longer range than brushed motors.

Thanks to their frictionless design, routine maintenance only requires bearing lubrication approximately every two years, resulting in a theoretical service life exceeding 20,000 hours. However, controller maintenance costs are high, accounting for approximately 15% of the vehicle’s value. Be aware that in high-temperature environments (e.g., above 50°C), overheating protection may affect operation.

The brushless motor operates at less than 45 decibels, making it particularly suitable for locations with stringent noise control requirements, such as high-end nursing homes in Europe and the United States. It is also widely used in rental service markets such as airports and hotels, where its high reliability helps reduce operating costs. Furthermore, its light weight saves additional costs for users who frequently check in their luggage by air.